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This question is a close cousin of the following: Lower bound on exponential sums Let $\phi:[0,1]\to \mathbb R$ be a smooth function with $\frac 1 {10}<\phi'< 10, \frac 1 {10}<\phi''< 10$. ...

Let $k\geq 2$. Consider the following norm of exponenetial sum: $$ I(N,p,k)=\int_0^1\int_0^1 \left|\sum_{n=0}^N e^{2\pi i (n x+n^k y)}\right|^p dxdy. $$ Bourgain mentioned on Page 118 of https://...