Difference quotient for solutions of ODE and Liouville equation

Suppose that $$\Phi$$ is the solution of $$\begin{cases} \frac{d}{dt}\Phi(x,t) = f(\Phi(x,t),t) \quad t >0 \\ \Phi(x,0) = x \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^N \end{cases}$$

How does one prove that $$\tilde \Phi(x,y,t) = \left(\Phi(x,t), \frac{\Phi(x + r y,t) - \Phi(x,t)}{r} \right)$$ is the flow of the ODE with $$\tilde{f}_r(x,y,t) = \left(f(x,t), \frac{f(x+r y,t) - f(x,t)}{r} \right)$$ as a vector field?

Also, in an answer to Prove that the flow of a divergence-free vector field is measure preserving, it was proved that if $$\mu_t = (\Phi(\cdot,t))_{\sharp} \mu$$ denote the image of the measure $$\mu$$ by the flow of $$f$$, then the family of measures $$\{\mu_t\}_{t\in \mathbb R}$$ satisfies Liouville equation $$\begin{cases} \partial_t \mu_t + \operatorname{div\,} (f \mu_t) = 0 \\ \mu_0 = \mu \end{cases}$$ in the sense of distributions.

What PDE does $$\tilde\mu_t = (\tilde\Phi_t)_{\sharp} \mu$$ solve?

Question 1: Denoting $$U:= \Phi(x,t)$$ and $$\displaystyle V:={\Phi(x + r y,t) - \Phi(x,t)\over r}$$ the components of $$\tilde \Phi(x,y,t)$$ , we have $$U+rV=\Phi(x + r y,t)$$, and $$\displaystyle\frac{f(U+r V,t) - f(U,t)}{r} = \frac{f(\Phi(x + r y,t),t) - f(\Phi(x,t),t)}{r} .$$ So

$$\partial_t\tilde \Phi(x,y,t)=$$$$= \left(\partial_t \Phi(x,t) , \frac{\partial_t\Phi(x + r y,t) - \partial_t\Phi(x,t) }{r} \right)$$ $$= \left(f(\Phi(x,t),t), \frac{f(\Phi(x + r y,t),t) - f(\Phi(x,t),t)}{r} \right)$$ $$= \left(f(U,t), \frac{f(U+r V,t) - f(U,t)}{r} \right)$$$$=\tilde{f}_r(U,V,t)$$ $$=\tilde{f}_r(\tilde \Phi(x,y,t),t).$$

Question 2: as to $$\tilde\mu_t$$, the same result of the quoted link apply in particular to the flow $$\tilde\Phi$$, therefore you still have the Liouville equation $$\partial_t {\tilde\mu}_t + \operatorname{div\,} ({\tilde f} {\tilde\mu_t) }= 0$$

• Thank you. What do you mean by "conjugation" in this context?
– Riku
Apr 15, 2019 at 15:27
• You're welcome. Is the answer clear to you? As to question 2, the evolution of $\tilde\mu_t$ is a particular case of the result for $\mu_t$. (As to the conjugation: it was not important, and didn't make it any clearer, I removed). Apr 15, 2019 at 16:12
• Thank you. The answer to question 1 is clear. About question 2, I'm not quite sure about what the divergence in $\partial_t {\tilde\mu}_t + \operatorname{div\,} ({\tilde f} {\tilde\mu_t) }= 0$ really is. Could you write it out in terms of $f$ instead of $\tilde f$, please?
– Riku
Apr 15, 2019 at 17:46
• Also, can this be made rigorous even when $f$ is a Sobolev or BV function?
– Riku
Apr 15, 2019 at 20:33
• @PietroMajer I deleted my answer to the Borsuk problem. I wrote it without thinking much (rushing to a lecture). As a result your comment has been deleted so you should post it as a comment to the question or as an answer. Apr 16, 2019 at 19:36