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There is a nice necessary and sufficient criterion for a polynomial $p_n$ of degree $n$ with real coefficients to have all zeros real and simple. Namely, it says: $p_n$ has $n$ (distinct) real roots $ …

Let $L$ be a Laurent polynomial with real coefficients, i.e., $$L(z)=\sum_{j=-r}^{s}a_{j}z^{j},$$ where $r,s\in\mathbb{N}$ and $a_{j}\in\mathbb{R}$. Assume further that the set $L^{-1}(\mathbb{R})\sub …

For $r,s\in\mathbb{N}$, let $$L(z):=\sum_{j=-r}^{s}a_{j}z^{j}$$ be a Laurent polynomial with real coefficients such that there exists a closed curve $\gamma$ encircling the origin, i.e., $0\in\mbox{In …

For given parameters $a_{1},\dots,a_{k}\in\mathbb{R}$, define the rational function $\phi:\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}$ as $$\phi(z)=\frac{1}{z}-a_{1}z-a_{2}z^{2}-\dots-a_{k}z^{k}.$$ The domain of its real …

Let $T_{n}(b)$ be the $n\times n$ Toeplitz matrix determined by the symbol $$ b(z)=\frac{1}{z}+\sum_{j=0}^{k}a_{j}z^{j} $$ where $k\in\mathbb{N}$ and $a_{0},\dots,a_{k}\in\mathbb{R}$, $a_{k}\neq0$. T …

This is not a complete answer to the question. However, the following example indicates that the curve $\Lambda(b)$ actually can separate the plane $\mathbb{C}$. However, this is just a numerically co …