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Questions where prime numbers play a key-role, such as: questions on the distribution of prime numbers (twin primes, gaps between primes, Hardy–Littlewood conjectures, etc); questions on prime numbers with special properties (Wieferich prime, Wolstenholme prime, etc.). This tag is often used as a specialized tag in combination with the top-level tag nt.number-theory and (if applicable) analytic-number-theory.

2 votes
1 answer
291 views

Difference between $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th composite numbers

Let $f(n)$ = 1 if $n$ belongs to A014689, $\operatorname{prime}(n)-n$, the number of nonprimes less than $\operatorname{prime}(n)$. Here $\operatorname{prime}(n)$ is the $n$-th prime number, $\operato …
Notamathematician's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
100 views

$a(16n+k)=b(16n+k)-c(16n)$ for $n\geqslant0$, $0 < k < 16$ where $c(n)=b(n)-a(n)$

Let $a(n)$ be A339970 = A329697$($A019565$(2n))$: the sequence begins with $$0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4$$ Also let's consider $$\ell(n)=\left\lfloor\log_{2}(n)\right …
Notamathematician's user avatar
10 votes
1 answer
692 views

Prime numbers from permutation

Let $P(n)$ of a sequence $s(1),s(2),s(3),...$ be obtained by leaving $s(1),...,s(n)$ fixed and reverse-cyclically permuting every $n$ consecutive terms thereafter; apply $P(2)$ to $1,2,3,...$ to get $ …
Notamathematician's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
215 views

Two conjectures about generalised A329369

Let $m \geqslant 2$ be a fixed integer. Let $$\operatorname{wt}(n,m)=\operatorname{wt}\left(\left\lfloor\frac{n}{m}\right\rfloor,m\right)+n\bmod m, \operatorname{wt}(0,m)=0$$ Then we have an integer s …
Notamathematician's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
181 views

Prime numbers and number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts with boundary size $2$

Let $a(n)$ be A227559, i.e., number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts with boundary size $2$. Be careful here: offset is $3$. I conjecture that $a(4n+2)=2n+1$ for $n>0$ if and only if $2n+1$ is …
Notamathematician's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
199 views

Not a twin prime pair test using $\gcd$ only

Let $m$ be an odd positive integer such that $m=2k+1$, $k\in\mathbb{N}$. Let $v$ be a vector of $n$ positive integers. Let $v(i)$ be the $i$-th element of the vector. Then we start with $v(i)=m(i+1)-2 …
Notamathematician's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
367 views

Test for pair of odd primes $(p, 2p^2-1)$

Let $a(n)$ be A106483 (i.e., primes $p$ such that $2p^2-1$ is also prime). Let $b(n)$ be an integer sequence such that $b(n) = B$ after the whole transformation where we start with $A = n$, $B = 1$, …
Notamathematician's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
66 views

Test for odd prime triples in a $2p-1$ progression

Let $a(n)$ be A057326 (i.e., first member of a prime triple in a $2p-1$ progression). Let $b(n) = B$ after $n-1$ iterations where we start with $A=n, B=1$ and for $i$ from $1$ to $n-1$ simultaneously …
Notamathematician's user avatar
69 votes
2 answers
4k views

Function that produces primes

For any $n\geq 2$ consider the recursion \begin{align*} a(0,n)&=n;\\ a(m,n)&=a(m-1,n)+\operatorname{gcd}(a(m-1,n),n-m),\qquad m\geq 1. \end{align*} I conjecture that $a(n-1,n)$ is always prime. To ve …
Notamathematician's user avatar