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Model theory is the branch of mathematical logic which deals with the connection between a formal language and its interpretations, or models.

14 votes
Accepted

Does synonymy seep down to the fragments of theories?

It's a very nice question! The answer is negative. For a counterexample, consider: Let $T$ be the theory of a partial order $\leq$, that is, a reflexive, transitive, antisymmetric relation. Let $H$ b …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
19 votes
2 answers
1k views

Is the theory of a partial order bi-interpretable with the theory of a pre-order?

A partial order relation $\leq$ on a set $A$ is a binary relation that is reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric. A preorder relation $\unlhd$ (also sometimes known as a quasi order or pseudo order) …
14 votes
2 answers
978 views

If every definable class admits a group structure, must global choice hold?

It is a remarkable fact, due to Hajnal and Kertész and explained very well in this MathOverflow answer by user Ashutosh, that the axiom of choice is equivalent to the assertion that every nonempty set …
5 votes
Accepted

Is there inconsistency with having countable models of Z with these internalizing properties?

There is no such model. Suppose that $M$ is a countable transitive model like that. Since $M$ is countable, it has only countably many subsets of $\omega$. Let $f:\omega\to\omega$ be a bijective funct …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
21 votes
1 answer
855 views

Is there a minimal (least?) countably saturated real-closed field?

I heard from a reputable mathematician that ZFC proves that there is a minimal countably saturated real-closed field. I have several questions about this. Is there a soft model-theoretic construction …
5 votes
Accepted

Can we have external automorphisms over intersectional models?

One can easily make a model of ZF-Reg with numerous Quine atoms. Simply begin with a model of ZFCU, with numerous urelements, and then turn the urlements into Quine atoms, which are singleton sets $a= …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
10 votes
Accepted

Natural Numbers

Here is a positive way to interpret your question, and I think this is probably what you had intended to ask about. Theorem. There is no computable model $M$ on domain $\mathbb{N}$ in a language $L$ i …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
20 votes
Accepted

Are some interesting mathematical statements minimal?

The minimal model, when it exists, also known as the Shepherdson-Cohen model, is the smallest transitive model of ZFC. This model will have the form $L_\alpha$ for some countable ordinal $\alpha$, and …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
12 votes
Accepted

The "first-order theory of the second-order theory of $\mathrm{ZFC}$"

I understand your theory to be the set of all sentences in the first-order language of set theory that are true in every model of $\newcommand{\ZFC}{\text{ZFC}}\ZFC_2$. This is a perfectly sensible no …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
7 votes
Accepted

Expressiveness in arithmetic

Let me observe that every total function $f$ that is representable in PA has your property with respect to every formula $\alpha$ expressible in the language of arithmetic. This includes every primiti …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
32 votes
Accepted

Are the real numbers isomorphic to a nontrivial ultraproduct of fields?

The answer is no, because such ultrapowers are always $\aleph_1$-saturated, but $\mathbb{R}$ is not. More concretely, the ultraproduct will be an ordered field with uncountable cofinality — every cou …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
19 votes
2 answers
985 views

Which graphs are elementarily equivalent to their own disjoint sums?

In Stefan Geschke's recent question, one of the solutions observed that the graph consisting of a single infinite beaded chain, a $\mathbb{Z}$-chain where each integer is connected to its nearest neig …
7 votes
1 answer
490 views

Normal form for terms in language with two ring structures

Suppose I have two different ring structures on the same domain $\langle R,+,\cdot,0,1\rangle$, $\langle R,\oplus,\otimes,\bar 0,\bar 1\rangle$ and I throw the structures together into a single common …
7 votes

Gödel coding and the function $z(x)$

Yes, for the reasons you mention, it is important to define your Gödel coding in such a way that the syntactic operations you want to undertake with assertions in the language are indeed expressible i …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
13 votes
Accepted

Truth in a different universe of sets?

Yes, there are a variety of mathematical systems that are able to serve as a foundation of mathematics, whether one uses ZFC set theory, ZFC plus large cardinals, or ZF, or PA, or category theory, typ …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar

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