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Model theory is the branch of mathematical logic which deals with the connection between a formal language and its interpretations, or models.
14
votes
Accepted
Does synonymy seep down to the fragments of theories?
It's a very nice question!
The answer is negative. For a counterexample, consider:
Let $T$ be the theory of a partial order $\leq$, that is, a reflexive, transitive, antisymmetric relation.
Let $H$ b …
19
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Is the theory of a partial order bi-interpretable with the theory of a pre-order?
A partial order relation $\leq$ on a set $A$ is a binary relation that is reflexive, transitive, and antisymmetric.
A preorder relation $\unlhd$ (also sometimes known as a quasi order or pseudo order) …
14
votes
2
answers
978
views
If every definable class admits a group structure, must global choice hold?
It is a remarkable fact, due to Hajnal and Kertész and explained very well in this MathOverflow answer by user Ashutosh, that the axiom of choice is equivalent to the assertion that every nonempty set …
5
votes
Accepted
Is there inconsistency with having countable models of Z with these internalizing properties?
There is no such model. Suppose that $M$ is a countable transitive model like that. Since $M$ is countable, it has only countably many subsets of $\omega$. Let $f:\omega\to\omega$ be a bijective funct …
21
votes
1
answer
855
views
Is there a minimal (least?) countably saturated real-closed field?
I heard from a reputable mathematician that ZFC proves that there is a minimal countably saturated real-closed field. I have several questions about this.
Is there a soft model-theoretic construction …
5
votes
Accepted
Can we have external automorphisms over intersectional models?
One can easily make a model of ZF-Reg with numerous Quine atoms. Simply begin with a model of ZFCU, with numerous urelements, and then turn the urlements into Quine atoms, which are singleton sets $a= …
10
votes
Accepted
Natural Numbers
Here is a positive way to interpret your question, and I think this is probably what you had intended to ask about.
Theorem. There is no computable model $M$ on domain $\mathbb{N}$ in a language $L$ i …
20
votes
Accepted
Are some interesting mathematical statements minimal?
The minimal model, when it exists, also known as the Shepherdson-Cohen model, is the smallest transitive model of ZFC. This model will have the form $L_\alpha$ for some countable ordinal $\alpha$, and …
12
votes
Accepted
The "first-order theory of the second-order theory of $\mathrm{ZFC}$"
I understand your theory to be the set of all sentences in the first-order language of set theory that are true in every model of $\newcommand{\ZFC}{\text{ZFC}}\ZFC_2$. This is a perfectly sensible no …
7
votes
Accepted
Expressiveness in arithmetic
Let me observe that every total function $f$ that is representable in PA has your property with respect to every formula $\alpha$ expressible in the language of arithmetic. This includes every primiti …
32
votes
Accepted
Are the real numbers isomorphic to a nontrivial ultraproduct of fields?
The answer is no, because such ultrapowers are always $\aleph_1$-saturated, but $\mathbb{R}$ is not.
More concretely, the ultraproduct will be an ordered field with uncountable cofinality — every cou …
19
votes
2
answers
985
views
Which graphs are elementarily equivalent to their own disjoint sums?
In Stefan Geschke's recent
question,
one of the solutions observed that the graph consisting of
a single infinite beaded chain, a $\mathbb{Z}$-chain where
each integer is connected to its nearest neig …
7
votes
1
answer
490
views
Normal form for terms in language with two ring structures
Suppose I have two different ring structures on the same domain $\langle R,+,\cdot,0,1\rangle$, $\langle R,\oplus,\otimes,\bar 0,\bar 1\rangle$ and I throw the structures together into a single common …
7
votes
Gödel coding and the function $z(x)$
Yes, for the reasons you mention, it is important to define your Gödel coding in such a way that the syntactic operations you want to undertake with assertions in the language are indeed expressible i …
13
votes
Accepted
Truth in a different universe of sets?
Yes, there are a variety of mathematical systems that are able to serve as a foundation of mathematics, whether one uses ZFC set theory, ZFC plus large cardinals, or ZF, or PA, or category theory, typ …