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asad
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Some questions about examples in "sieve methods" in the book "Opera de Cribro"

I am reading the book "Opera de Cribro - John B. Friedlander, Henryk Iwaniec" and in pages 5,6 I do not understand why and how they chose $X$, $A(x)$, $A_d(x)$ and $g(p)$.

any hints will be appreciated.

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asad
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