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Given the Cauchy-like matrix $$ \mathbf X_M(q) = \left[ \frac{2}{\pi} \frac{ \Gamma\!\left(m - \frac{1}{2} \right)\Gamma\!\left(n + \frac{1}{2} \right) }{ \Gamma(m)\,\Gamma(n) } \frac{m-\frac{3}{4}} {\...

Buried in the physics paper by Nekrasov and Okounkov, a strange identity is proven: $$ \prod_{n > 0} (1 - q^n)^{\mu^2-1} = \sum_{\mathbf{k}} q^{|\mathbf{k}|} \prod_{\square \in k} \left( 1 - \frac{\...