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Autonne-Takagi factorization (Léon Autonne (1915) and Teiji Takagi (1925)) says that: A complex symmetric matrix can be 'diagonalized' using a unitary matrix: If $A$ is a rank-$n$ complex symmetric ...

It is well known that $\mathbf{PGL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ is finitely generated, and that $\mathbf{PGL}_2(\mathbb{Q})$ isn't. My question is: what is a fast, natural way to see these properties without ...