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What is the minimal background one must have to read Katz's Gauss Sums, Kloosterman Sums, and Monodromy Groups?

I encounter a tricky sum like the Kloosterman sum $${\sum_{x \mod P}}^\ast e\left(\frac{ax+\overline{x}}{P}+\frac{lx^2}{P^2}\right),$$ where $l$ is a positive integer co-prime with $P$ and here $P$ ...

There is a basic question regrading the 3-dimensional hyper-Kloosterman sum which needs some help from the experts here: For any integers $q,h \in \mathbb{N}$, how to estimate the sum: $$\sideset{_{}^{...