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The starting point of this question is the (presumably) well-known theorem (the proof I know is from Abelian $\ell$-adic representations and elliptic curves from J-P.Serre in which it is a lemma for $...

Let $R$ be a locally compact ring (commutative with unit) and let $D\subset R$ be a discrete cocompact subring (cocompact means the additive group $R/D$ is compact). Let $G$ be a semisimple linear ...

tl;dr: The groups $GL_2(K)$, or $SL_2(K)$, where $K = \mathbb{C,R}$ admits several factorizations (the polar decomposition, the KAN decomposition, the Schur triangular form, etc). Those ...