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Let $G$ be a simply connected Lie group and $\mathcal O= G(v)=G/G_v$ a $G$-orbit in some finite-dimensional $G$-module $V$. By the homotopy exact sequence, its fundamental group $\Gamma$ is the ...

Let $T$ be a torus $V/\Gamma$, $\gamma$ a loop on $T$ based at the origin. Then it is easy to see that $$2 \gamma = \gamma \ast \gamma \in \pi_1(T).$$ Here $2 \gamma$ is obtained by rescaling $\gamma$...

In the representation theory of Lie groups (say, over $\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$), one can show that a Lie algebra homomorphism between the Lie algebras of two algebraic groups $G$ and $H$ always ...