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16 votes
1 answer
733 views

Where was $I_x/I_x^2$ first introduced? (DG or AG)

Cotangent space appears in both differential geometry (DG) and algebraic geometry (AG). In DG, given a smooth manifold $M$ and $x\in M$ one has an isomorphism $I_x/I_x^2 \cong T^*_xM$, where $I_x$ is ...
Fallen Apart's user avatar
  • 1,615
6 votes
1 answer
1k views

Discovery of Hilbert polynomial

Presumably it was Hilbert who discovered Hilbert polynomials - where did they first appear? The basic theorem is that for a finitely generated graded module $M = \bigoplus_k M_k$ over the ring of ...
pinaki's user avatar
  • 5,339
6 votes
1 answer
2k views

Why is this theorem attributed to J.-P. Serre?

Page $117$ of Atiyah, MacDonald's Introduction to Commutative Algebra text has the following theorem. Let $P(M,t)$ denote the Poincare- series of $M$. $\textbf{Theorem.}$ $\bigl(\mathsf{Hilbert-Serre}...
C.S.'s user avatar
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5 votes
0 answers
324 views

Earliest reference for infinitesimal neighborhoods of the diagonal

Where was $I_x/I_x^2$ first introduced? (DG or AG) asks about the algebraic cotangent space. The paper First neighborhood of the diagonal and geometric distributions by Kock claims Grothendieck ...
Arrow's user avatar
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4 votes
1 answer
686 views

Who and when proved Artin's Theorem on alternative rings?

I am interested in the history of the proof of Artin's Theorem (on the diassociativity of alternative rings). Question. When has Artin proved this theorem and where was it published for the first ...
Taras Banakh's user avatar
  • 41.8k
4 votes
1 answer
472 views

Original sources for two theorems by Bass, Matlis and Papp

It is an interesting fact that a commutative ring $R$ is noetherian if and only if direct sums of injective $R$-modules are injective, and if and only if every injective $R$-module is a direct sum of ...
Fred Rohrer's user avatar
  • 6,700