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Setup

I am trying to upper-bound the difference between two functions: one before the change of variables and the other after.

For example, let $r \in \mathbb{N} \cup \{\infty\}, 1 \leq p < \infty$ and $$ g \in L^p(\mathbb{R}^D) : C^r \text{-function}\\ T : \mathbb{R}^D \to \mathbb{R}^D : C^r\text{-function} \\ f_T(x) := g(T(x)) \left|\det \frac{\mathrm{d} T}{\mathrm{d}x}(x)\right|. $$

Goal

I would like to bound the perturbation due to $T$, in terms of $L^p$ norm.

Let $$ F[T] := \|f_T - g\|_{L^p} := \left(\int |f_T (x) - g(x)|^p dx\right)^{1/p}. $$ For two $C^r(\mathbb{R}^D, \mathbb{R}^D)$-functions, $T, T'$, I would like to have an upper-bound on the difference in $F$, i.e., $$ F[T'] - F[T] \leq (\text{Some upper bound depending on } (T' - T)). $$

The result does not have to be for all $p$ and $r$, and I am interested in any result of this type for a specific set of $p$ or $r$. The space where these functions reside in is also variable, and any appropriate suggestion for change is very appreciated.

Questions

  1. Are there well-known results of such an upper bound under some mild conditions?
  2. Is the above example an appropriate setup? Are there suggestions such as what function space to use or what properties to assume on the functions?
  3. If not, does anybody have any idea how I should derive an upper bound?

P.S. I'm not fully familiar with functional analysis, so if there are any ambiguities or imprecise terminology, I will fix it if you could point them out.

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  • $\begingroup$ Fix $x$ and use the tangent line approximation at $T = I$ for $f_T$ as a function of $T$. $\endgroup$
    – Deane Yang
    Commented Oct 6, 2019 at 16:50
  • $\begingroup$ @DCM, it would be easier and more helpful to the OP, if you could follow the OP's original formulation and notation. $\endgroup$
    – Deane Yang
    Commented Oct 6, 2019 at 17:43
  • $\begingroup$ @DeaneYang Thank you. Do you mean some form of Taylor series approximation (truncated at the first-order term)? I'll think about a way to formalize that. $\endgroup$
    – diadochos
    Commented Oct 13, 2019 at 7:05

1 Answer 1

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This isn't an answer, but it's a bit long for a comment. I am going to write $\varphi$ for your $T$, just for consistency with the notation in a book I'm going to mention.

Let $X = \{ g \hspace{.2pc} \mathrm{d}x^1\wedge \dots \wedge \mathrm{d}x^D: g\in L^p(\mathbb{R}^D)\}$. Then each suitable$_1$ diffeomorphism $\varphi$ of $\mathbb{R}^D$ gives us an associated pullback operator $\varphi^*:X \to X$ which, assuming you stick to orientation-preserving $\varphi$, is just the linear map $g\mapsto f_T$. The quantity you're interested in is then

$$ F[\varphi] = \Vert (I-\varphi^*)g\Vert, $$

where $I:X\to X$ is the identity operator. You then have:

$$ \begin{array}{lll} F[\varphi_1] & = & \Vert (I-\varphi_1^*)g\Vert \\ &=& \Vert ( I-\varphi_2^* + \varphi_2^* - \varphi_1^*)g\Vert \\ &\leq& F[\varphi_2] + \Vert (\varphi_2^* - \varphi_1^*)g\Vert \end{array} $$

whence $F[\varphi_1] - F[\varphi_2] \leq \Vert g \Vert\Vert \varphi_1^*-\varphi_2^*\Vert_\mathrm{op}$ for any pair of orientation-preserving $\varphi_1$ and $\varphi_2$.

I am not sure what bounds are available for the operator norm of $\varphi_1^*- \varphi_2^*$, but The Pullback Equation for Differential Forms by Csato, Dacorogna and Kneuss seems like it might contain some related material.

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  • $\begingroup$ 1. I'm using the word `suitable' here to mean that there exist $\lambda,\Lambda>0$ such that $\lambda < |\mathrm{det}(D\varphi(x))|<\Lambda$ for all $x\in \mathbb{R}^D$. You need this constraint (or at least something like it) to make sure the pullback operation gives you an endomorphism of $X$. $\endgroup$
    – DCM
    Commented Oct 6, 2019 at 16:43
  • $\begingroup$ I hope you'll forgive me for being nosy, but I'd be interested in how you came to ask this question; are you able to give any details of the context in which this question arose? $\endgroup$
    – DCM
    Commented Oct 6, 2019 at 16:48
  • $\begingroup$ Hi, thank you for the quick comments and I'm sorry for the late reply. I understood most of it, but the part saying "the linear map $g \mapsto f_T$" confused me a little. Is it a linear map that maps a D-form to another D-form, instead of $g$ to $f_T$ ? I'll look into the referenced book. Thank you! $\endgroup$
    – diadochos
    Commented Oct 13, 2019 at 7:01
  • $\begingroup$ The question arose in statistics. I was wondering how much a distribution function is changed (in its values in the density) by a variable transformation, and I wanted to quantify the change in some measure. The metric did not have to be an Lp-norm, but I thought that would be a good starting point. $\endgroup$
    – diadochos
    Commented Oct 13, 2019 at 7:03

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