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first-order and higher-order logic, model theory, set theory, proof theory, computability theory, formal languages, definability, interplay of syntax and semantics, constructive logic, intuitionism, philosophical logic, modal logic, completeness, Gödel incompleteness, decidability, undecidability, theories of truth, truth revision, consistency.

7 votes
2 answers
625 views

Generalization of the club filter

If $\alpha$ is a (limit) ordinal, then a subset $S\subseteq\alpha$ is club if $\alpha$ is closed as a subset of $\alpha$ under the order topology and unbounded in $\alpha$. The set of all sets contain …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
318 views

Finding limit-nondecreasing sets for certain functions

This is a question that arose a while ago in work with Damir Dzhafarov on some pieces of reverse mathematics. As far as I know, it has no deep significance; however, it feels like the sort of thing we …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
8 votes
0 answers
220 views

Large "computably un-simplifiable" computable well-orderings

Question Suppose $A,X$ are computable well-orderings. Say that $A$ is $X$-unsimplifiable if there is no computable well-ordering $B$ whose ordertype is strictly less than that of $A$ but such that Dup …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
248 views

Is there a maximal fragment of FOL with "no negation at all?"

Say that a logic $\mathcal{L}$ is nowhere-negative iff for every $\mathcal{L}$-theory $T$ there is a structure $\mathfrak{A}$ such that $$\mathit{Th}_\mathcal{L}(\mathfrak{A})=\mathit{Ded}_\mathcal{L} …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
188 views

Better arguments via worse numberings?

The usual listing $\{\varphi_e: e\in\omega\}$ of partial computable functions has a number of nice properties - the padding lemma, the recursion theorem, etc. Any other numbering which we can "effecti …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
236 views

A specific model of Z

Short version: there is a natural, very "thin" (but probably not minimal) model of Zeremelo set theory; I'm curious what is known about it. Zermelo set theory (= ZF without the Replacement scheme) …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
200 views

Is self-escaping without self-dominating possible?

For a countable structure $\mathcal{S}$, let the cospectrum of $\mathcal{S}$ be the set $CS(\mathcal{S})$ of reals (non-uniformly) computable in every copy of $\mathcal{S}$ (we can also make sense of …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
236 views

Is there a $\Delta^0_2$ real with "easy total computability problem"?

This was asked at MSE without success. Granted, a bounty is still ongoing there, but it doesn't look like it will be answered. For (noncomputable) $A\subseteq\omega$ let $\tilde{A}=\{e: \varphi_e^A\m …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
230 views

Is there a nice(r) counterexample to this strengthening of Tarski's theorem?

Given a regular logic $\mathcal{L}$ and a structure $\mathfrak{A}$ (in a finite relational language $\Sigma$ for simplicity), let $\overline{Th_\mathcal{L}(\mathfrak{A})}$ be the structure defined as …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
152 views

Hard-to-"realize" instances of downward density

This question is motivated by a vague analogy between true paths in priority arguments and realizers - relative to an oracle - in the sense of intuitionistic logic. Intuitively, I'm looking for a prec …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
10 votes
2 answers
415 views

Climbing up subsets of $\omega_1$ using reals

This is a bit of an odd question, so I've included the motivation below the fold. Throughout we work in ZFC+"$\omega_1^r$ is countable for all $r\in\mathbb{R}$:" Say that a set $X\subset\omega_1$ is …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
14 votes
4 answers
2k views

Fermat's Last Theorem and Computability Theory

This question stems from the paper "Computably categorical fields via Fermat's Last Theorem," by Russell Miller and Hans Schoutens (available online at http://qcpages.qc.cuny.edu/~rmiller/Fermat.pdf). …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
11 votes
0 answers
512 views

Using Lindstrom's theorem to prove Craig interpolation

[EDIT: The theorem I call "Beth definability" below is apparently not generally called that (wikipedia notwithstanding; see https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/288450/two-forms-of-beths-theorem). …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
338 views

Climbing quickly up $L$

This question is motivated by Joel David Hamkins' answer to Gödel's Constructible Universe in Infinitary Logics (A Possible Approach to HOD Problem), in which he shows that, if we replace first-order …
Noah Schweber's user avatar
10 votes
1 answer
447 views

Sets computable from enough hints

Is there a non-computable set $X\subset\omega$ such that, for some $Y\subset\omega$, any infinite subset or cosubset (=subset of the complement) of $Y$ computes $X$? More generally, call a set $X$ $n …
Noah Schweber's user avatar

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