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Questions where prime numbers play a key-role, such as: questions on the distribution of prime numbers (twin primes, gaps between primes, Hardy–Littlewood conjectures, etc); questions on prime numbers with special properties (Wieferich prime, Wolstenholme prime, etc.). This tag is often used as a specialized tag in combination with the top-level tag nt.number-theory and (if applicable) analytic-number-theory.

18 votes
Accepted

The multiplicative order of 2 modulo primes

The answer is "yes" - the order mod p of 2 is almost always as large as the square root of p (actually you get epsilon less than this in the exponent). If you take r multiplicatively independent numbe …
Charles Matthews's user avatar
17 votes

prime powers between n and 2n

Actually there is a power of 2. It goes to show the power of binary arithmetic ... : write 2n in binary and write zeroes after the initial one.
Charles Matthews's user avatar
9 votes
Accepted

Can Gauss sums derandomize any heuristic arguments?

The thing is that it is well known that for the quadratic Gauss sums, expressed as an exponential sum rather than with Legendre symbols, the path is very much not a random walk when you plot it in the …
Charles Matthews's user avatar
7 votes
Accepted

Refinements of the Riemann hypothesis

Yes, your question is imprecise. If we knew exactly where the zeta zeroes were, we could answer any question about the primes that could be formulated by means of the explicit formulae. In crude terms …
Charles Matthews's user avatar
6 votes
Accepted

Sum of reciprocals of primes modulo which a polynomial has a root

This should follow from the Theorem of Frobenius mentioned on p. 7 (PDF numbering) of http://websites.math.leidenuniv.nl/algebra/chebotarev.pdf.
Charles Matthews's user avatar
6 votes
Accepted

Prime Number Theorem w/o Complex Analysis

http://www.math.columbia.edu/~goldfeld/ErdosSelbergDispute.pdf explains the classic proof in context (there is what amounts to a priority dispute).
Charles Matthews's user avatar
0 votes

An estimate of the sum related to primes

It looks to me like the intended method is to use the loglog divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the primes on the first sum, and then presumably the Prime Number Theorem with error term on th …
Charles Matthews's user avatar