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The first purpose of schemes theory is the geometrical study of solutions of algebraic systems of equations, not only over the real/complex numbers, but also over integer numbers (and more generally over any commutative ring with 1). It was finalized by Alexandre Grothendieck, during the 1950s and the 1960s.
70
votes
What elementary problems can you solve with schemes?
All I know is that when I had to prove this result a long time ago, I came up with this proof a few months after I had started learning affine schemes and I was exhilarated at the thought that I could …
43
votes
What should be learned in a first serious schemes course?
Since in 2007-2008 you evoked [ Class 24, §1.8, The problem with locally free sheaves] the equivalence between locally free sheaves and vector bundles on a scheme, the following point, potentially co …
42
votes
6
answers
6k
views
Arbitrary products of schemes don't exist, do they?
in the category of affine schemes, but actually in the category of schemes, thanks to the string of equalities (where $X$ is a not necessarily affine scheme)
$$ Hom_{Schemes} (X, Spec(A))= Hom_{Rings … a reflexive subcategory of the category of schemes. …
31
votes
Accepted
explanation on a scheme which is not affine scheme
$P_1$ and $P_2$ the two special closed points, $A_1$and $A_2$ their respective open complements and $A_{12}=A_1\cap A_2$, so that $A_i\simeq \mathbb A^1_k$ and $A_{12}\simeq\mathbb G_m$, all affine schemes … [In categorical language: $\Gamma$ is an anti-equivalence from the category of affine schemes to that of rings]
Proof 6
Every global function $P(T)\in \Gamma(X,\mathcal O_X)=k[T]$ (see Proof 5) takes …
22
votes
Accepted
Is the degree of a finite morphism stable by base change
I shall assume that $X,Y$ are integral, locally noetherian schemes and that $f$ is dominant. …
20
votes
What should be learned in a first serious schemes course?
I remember it took me a long time to realize this and when I did I lost some of my fear of schemes. …
17
votes
1
answer
990
views
Is a direct sum of flabby sheaves flabby?
I have only seen the fact that direct sums of flabby sheaves are flabby (correctly) used on noetherian spaces, actually schemes, so that my question originates just from idle curiosity... …
14
votes
Why and how did preschemes become schemes?
As to the suggestion "it was discovered that there were far more propositions about preschemes than about schemes, and people decided that this was ridiculous": considering the God-like status of Grothendieck …
13
votes
What should be learned in a first serious schemes course?
If you decide to teach a more arithmetically flavoured algebraic geometry, students should be made aware that schemes over a ring $A$ are stranger than they might think. …
9
votes
1
answer
674
views
What are the rational functions on a noetherian affine scheme?
Let $A$ be a noetherian ring and $X=\operatorname {Spec}A$ the corresponding affine scheme.
There are three rings which might reasonably be called the ring of rational functions on $X$.
a) The total r …
8
votes
What are the rational functions on a noetherian affine scheme?
The terminology is disastrous if one considers schemes over $\mathbb C$, since these schemes have a holomorphic structure for which "meromorphic" has a completely different meaning. …
6
votes
Accepted
Topological space associated to a real or complex scheme
Be warned that this is an advanced monograph and that general knowledge of schemes is insufficient : techniques like positivstellensatz, real spectra, Nash functions,...are de rigueur here. …
5
votes
Philosophy : seeking examples illuminating deeper geometric ideas behind base change of sche...
Dear Giovanni, here is a point of view orthogonal to the examples you mention (although I am not sure they will satisfy your wish that they be "stranger"... ).
Given a morphism $X \to S$, inste …
1
vote
morphism of schemes that is closed at topological space level
Here then is the statement you need :
Let $f:X\to Y$ be a closed morphism between schemes of finite type over a field $k$. …