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Questions where prime numbers play a key-role, such as: questions on the distribution of prime numbers (twin primes, gaps between primes, Hardy–Littlewood conjectures, etc); questions on prime numbers with special properties (Wieferich prime, Wolstenholme prime, etc.). This tag is often used as a specialized tag in combination with the top-level tag nt.number-theory and (if applicable) analytic-number-theory.

15 votes
Accepted

Lower density of {primes} times themselves

There is no such $m_0$, due to the Erdős–Kac theorem.
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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10 votes
Accepted

Can $b^4+1$ be a pseudoprime to base 2 (except for Fermat numbers)?

Carl Pomerance conjectured in On the Distribution of Pseudoprimes, Math. Comput. 37, 587-593 (1981) that for large $x$, the number of pseudoprimes $\leq x$ is $$ \frac{x}{e^{(1+o(1))\log{x}\frac{\ …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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1 vote
Accepted

Set of triple-primes satisfying a certain equation

Yes, there is precisely one such triple of distinct primes with $\alpha \leq 500$, namely $(3, 11, 31)$. It would be a surprising coincidence if there are further such triples for larger $\alpha$.
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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9 votes
2 answers
527 views

Sign of permutation induced by modular exponentiation

Given a prime number $p$ and a primitive root $a$ modulo $p$, let $\sigma_{a,p}$ denote the permutation of the set $\{1, \dots, p-1\}$ which maps $b$ to $a^b$ modulo $p$. Question: Let $p$ be fixed. …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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18 votes
1 answer
649 views

How hard is it to find a prime number with given primitive roots?

Assume that we randomly choose a 100-digit prime number $p$, record which of the first 1000 prime numbers are primitive roots modulo $p$, and then forget about $p$. — How easy or how difficult is it t …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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7 votes

Is the $n$-th prime $p_n$ expressible as the difference of coprime $A, B$ such that the set ...

Barry Cipra has already computed the first few values. The next couple of numbers $p_n$ are $13 = 5 \cdot 11 - 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 7$, $17 = 2 \cdot 7 \cdot 13 - 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 11$, $19 = 2^2 \cdot 3 …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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8 votes
Accepted

Is it true that $p^2+1$ is square free if $p>7$ is a Mersenne prime

No, this is not true. -- For example $p := 2^{2203}-1$ is a Mersenne prime (cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_prime), but $p^2+1$ is divisible by $5^2 = 25$. Edit: To answer D. Burde's questi …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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1 vote
0 answers
71 views

Is there an upper bound on the number of partitions of a finite set of primes into 3 sets th...

Is there an upper bound on the number of partitions of a finite set $S$ of prime numbers into 3 sets $A$, $B$ and $C$ for which the following holds?: $$ \prod_{p \in A} p \ + \ \prod_{p \in B} p \ = …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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18 votes
2 answers
2k views

Existence of polynomials of degree $\geq 2$ which represent infinitely many prime numbers

To my knowledge it is open so far whether the polynomial $x^2+1 \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ takes infinitely many prime numbers as values. Is it known so far whether there is at all any polynomial $P \in \math …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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38 votes
Accepted

Does the equation $241+2^{2s+1}=m^2$ have a solution?

To answer your first question: there is indeed no $s$ such that $241+2^{2s+1}$ is a perfect square. -- Proof: $2^{2s+1}$ is always congruent to either $2$, $8$ or $32$ modulo $63$, which makes $241+2^ …
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43 votes
1 answer
1k views

Can't one walk to infinity on the prime numbers with finitely many distinct affine steps?

Let $(a_1,b_1), \dots, (a_k,b_k)$ be finitely many pairs of positive integers, and let $\Gamma$ be the graph whose vertices are the prime numbers and in which two vertices $p$ and $q$ are connected by …
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2 votes
Accepted

Finding a suitable number

Given a positive integer $n$, let $P(n)$ denote the largest prime factor of $n$. What you are looking for are integers $n$ such that $q := \max\{P(n-15),P(n-14),\dots,P(n)\} < Cn$ for some constant $C …
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1 vote

The prime number $2$

There is an old saying "All primes are odd, but 2 is the oddest of all!". For example, if only primes $p > 2$ divide the order of some finite group, by the Odd Order Theorem you already know that the …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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3 votes
0 answers
145 views

The bias of consecutive prime numbers towards being incongruent modulo 3

Given a positive integer $n$, let $f_1(n)$ denote the number of pairs of consecutive prime numbers $\leq n$ which are incongruent modulo 3, and let $f_2(n)$ denote the number of pairs of consecutive p …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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6 votes
1 answer
378 views

Uniformity of the distribution of the prime numbers on the prime residue classes (mod $m$)

Given positive integers $m$, $r$ and $n$, let $\pi(m,r,n)$ denote the number of prime numbers $p \leq n$ in the residue class $r$ (mod $m$). Further let $1 = r_1 < r_2 < \dots < r_{\varphi(m)} = m-1$ …
Stefan Kohl's user avatar
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