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Let $p$ be an odd prime number, $n>1$ be an integer, and $\mathrm{tr}$ be the trace map of the field extension $\mathrm{GF}(p^{2n})/\mathrm{GF}(p)$. For which pair $(p,n)$ does there exists $x\in\math …

For some positive integer $r$, by an $r$-vector I will mean an $r$-tuple $(a_1,a_2,\dots,a_r)$ with $a_1,\dots,a_r$ nonnegative integers not all zero, and I will call it odd if $a_1,\dots,a_r$ are all …

Let $p$ be a rational prime and $n$ be a positive integer. It can be easily deduced from Zsigmondy's theorem that $p^n+1$ has a prime divisor greater than $2n$ except when $(p,n)=(2,3)$ or $(2^k-1,1 …

Is there any infinite family of $v$ for which all the $(v,k,\lambda)$-cyclic difference sets with $k-\lambda$ a prime power coprime to $v$ have been determined? A subset $D=\{a_1,\ldots,a_k\}$ of $\ …

I posted the question here, but it seems to be more difficult than I expected. So I think it may be suited for MO. (Another reason is that the answer may hopefully give solution to the question on thi …