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Does anyone know a reference to the following results, which I can prove, but I suspect may be known. Let $R(n)$ denote the number of primitive $n$th roots of unity with positive real part, and $L(n)$ …

Schur's lemma has a different generalization when the coefficient field $F$ is not algebraically closed. Then you get $M_{m_1}(D_1)\times\cdots\times M_{m_k}(D_k)$ where $D_i:={\rm Hom}_{FG}(\rho_i,\r …

One uses a matrix version of Hilbert's Satz 90 to answer Geoff's comment "If the field $E$ is not this minimal field, it seems less obvious to me how to realise the representation over the subfield ge …

This answer may be more general than you need. Let $F$ be a field, and let $G=\langle g_1,\dots,g_m\rangle$ be a subgroup of ${\rm GL}(n,F)$ which preserves a form, with matrix $J$. Then $g_i J g_i^{\ …

There are (at least) two explicit formulas. First, $D(n)$ can be shown to be a multiplicative function (this means $\gcd(m,n)=1$ implies $D(mn)=D(m)D(n)$), and the values of $D(p^k)$ for all primes $p …