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first-order and higher-order logic, model theory, set theory, proof theory, computability theory, formal languages, definability, interplay of syntax and semantics, constructive logic, intuitionism, philosophical logic, modal logic, completeness, Gödel incompleteness, decidability, undecidability, theories of truth, truth revision, consistency.

26 votes
1 answer
1k views

Can we find strong fixed-points in the fixed-point lemma of Gödel's incompleteness theorem, ...

At Graham Priest's talk for the CUNY set theory seminar yesterday, an issue arose concerning the possibility (or impossibility) of a stronger-than usual form of the arithmetic fixed-point lemma often …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
16 votes
2 answers
1k views

Are the vertical sections of the Ackermann function primitive recursive?

The Ackermann function $A(m,n)$ is a binary function on the natural numbers defined by a certain double recursion, famous for exhibiting extremely fast-growing behavior. One finds various slightly dif …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
21 votes
2 answers
1k views

Is the union of a chain of elementary embeddings elementary?

I am a little confused about what I think must be either a standard theorem or a standard counterexample in model theory, and I am hoping that the MathOverflow model theorists can help sort me out abo …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
36 votes
8 answers
2k views

Does the truth of any statement of real matrix algebra stabilize in sufficiently high dimens...

This question is related to this recent but currently unanswered MO question of Ricky Demer, where it arose as a comment. Consider the structure $R^n$ consisting of $n\times n$ matrices over the real …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
20 votes
7 answers
2k views

Does every set admit a rigid binary relation? (and how is this related to the Axiom of Choice?)

Let us say that a set B admits a rigid binary relation, if there is a binary relation R such that the structure (B,R) has no nontrivial automorphisms. Under the Axiom of Choice, every set is well-or …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
76 votes
9 answers
6k views

Can we unify addition and multiplication into one binary operation? To what extent can we fi...

The question is the extent to which we can unify addition and multiplication, realizing them as terms in a single underlying binary operation. I have a number of questions. Is there a binary operati …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
7 votes
2 answers
730 views

For a partition of $\mathbb{R}$ into countably infinite sets, must there be an almost-disjoi...

My question arises from a construction I gave in my recent answer to a question of Alexander Pruss concerning large families of independent non-measurable sets of reals. In that argument, using the co …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
22 votes
4 answers
1k views

Is there a Leibnizian model with no definable elements, in a finite language?

A first-order structure $M$ is Leibnizian, if any two distinct elements $a,b\in M$ satisfy different $1$-types; that is, if there is some formula $\varphi$ such that $M\models\varphi(a)$ and $M\models …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
366 views

Is $n$ uniformly computable from an oracle for the $n^{\rm th}$ jump $0^{(n)}$?

This is a little curiosity that came up in a project I am working on, and I thought someone might have a nice way to see the answer. Question. Can we uniformly compute $n$ from an oracle for the $n^{ …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
20 votes
2 answers
1k views

For a computable binary tree, is having no computable branches the same as having no probabi...

It is a classical result of computability theory that there is a computable infinite binary tree $T\subset 2^{<\omega}$ with no computable infinite branch. One way to construct such a tree is to fix …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
12 votes
3 answers
881 views

Is there a simple instance of intransitivity for implicit definability?

This question continues the theme of some recent questions on implicit definability. A relation $R$ is implicitly definable in a first-order structure $M$ if there is a property $\varphi(\dot R)$, exp …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
19 votes
4 answers
1k views

Does every decidable question about finitely presented groups amount to a question about ab...

This question is about an issue left unresolved by Chad Groft's excellent question and John Stillwell's excellent answer of it. Since I find the possibility of an affirmative answer so tantalizing, I …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
17 votes
1 answer
865 views

Which finitely presented groups can be distinguished by decidable properties?

This question continues the line of inquiry of these three questions. Question. Which finitely presented groups can be distinguished by decidable properties? To be precise, let us say that φ is a de …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
11 votes
2 answers
663 views

What is the computational-complexity-theoretic analogue of computable inseparability? For ex...

Disjoint sets $A$ and $B$ are computably inseparable, if there is no computable separating set, a computable set $C$ containing $A$ and disjoint from $B$. The existence of c.e. computably inseparable …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
10 votes
1 answer
462 views

If $\kappa$ is weakly inaccessible and $A\subset\kappa$, can $L[A]$ violate $\kappa^{\lt\kap...

In some current work, my co-authors and I had wanted in a certain argument to appeal to $\kappa^{\lt\kappa}=\kappa$ in $L[A]$, in a situation where $A\subset\kappa$ and $\kappa$ was weakly inaccessibl …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar

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