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first-order and higher-order logic, model theory, set theory, proof theory, computability theory, formal languages, definability, interplay of syntax and semantics, constructive logic, intuitionism, philosophical logic, modal logic, completeness, Gödel incompleteness, decidability, undecidability, theories of truth, truth revision, consistency.

1 vote
Accepted

Type implication

For the first one, elements of your expanded language might be definable in the smaller language. As a very simple example, consider $T = Th((\omega, S)$, the theory of the natural numbers with the s …
Will's user avatar
  • 168
2 votes

From elementary equivalence to isomorphism

First, you should note that the signature is determined by the structures and any two structures that are elementarily equivalent or isomorphic have to have the same signature. For your question, I d …
Will's user avatar
  • 168
1 vote
0 answers
210 views

Existence of $\lambda$-transitive linear orders for $\lambda \geq \aleph_0$

A linear order $(L, <)$ is $\lambda$-transitive iff any order-preserving bijection between sets of size $\lambda$ can be extended to an order automorphism of $L$. For $\lambda < \aleph_0$, $2$-transi …
Will's user avatar
  • 168
4 votes
2 answers
606 views

Is there Ramsey Theorem for infinitary tuples?

I'm wondering if there's any sort of Ramsey relation that allows for the tuples to be of arbitrary infinite size $\mu$? This $\mu$ is below some strongly compact cardinal, so I'm not worried about la …
Will's user avatar
  • 168
6 votes
2 answers
2k views

Are all countable, nonstandard models of arithmetic given by ultrapowers?

Countable models of PA fall into two categories: the standard one $(\omega, S)$ and the nonstandard ones (all the rest). The only way I've seen to construct a nonstandard model is through taking an u …
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