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Prime numbers, diophantine equations, diophantine approximations, analytic or algebraic number theory, arithmetic geometry, Galois theory, transcendental number theory, continued fractions

1 vote

For what subsets S of (Z/nZ)* is there a Euclidean proof that there are infinitely many prim...

This could be helpful: "Certain other cases of Dirichlet's Theorem have been proved by elementary methods; in fact, elementary proofs have been found for general classes…. M. Brauer found a rather sim …
LSpice's user avatar
  • 12.9k
19 votes
2 answers
4k views

Is this a (well known) open problem?(infinitness and more on $anm \pm n\pm m$ )

Consider the following question: 1) For a given natural number $a$, are there finitely or infinitely many natural numbers that are not of the form $anm \pm n\pm m$, where $m$ and $n$ range over po …
11 votes
2 answers
4k views

Binary representation of powers of 3

I asked this question at Mathematics Stack Exchange but since I didn't got a satisfactory answer I decided to ask it here as well. We write a power of 3 in bits in binary representation as follows. F …
12 votes
1 answer
737 views

Happy new semiprime after prime year!

After the change of the year I realized, as everyone did, that $2018=2\times1009$ and of course $1009$ is a prime number. $2017$ is also a prime number. Furthermore $2019=3\times 673$ and $673$ is als …
2 votes
1 answer
1k views

Covering Systems of infinite sets of residue classes mod primes

Take an infinite set of distinct primes and a (edit: or 2 , etc.) residue class for every prime. For exammple you can take all the primes bigger than some prime or the primes of a specific form (i.e. …
11 votes
2 answers
981 views

Is the $n$-th prime $p_n$ expressible as the difference of coprime $A, B$ such that the set ...

We define recursively $p_1=2,p_2=3$ and $$p_{n}= \min_{(A,B)\in F_{n-1}}|A-B| $$ Where $$ \begin{split} F_n=\{(A,B) |&\gcd (A,B)=1,\quad |A-B| \not =1, \\\ &\text{both $A$ and $B$ are products of po …
20 votes
4 answers
2k views

Covering $\mathbb{N}$ with prime arithmetic progressions

For every prime $p_i>2$ choose a $k_i\ge p_i$ , $k_i \in \mathbb{N}$ and take the arithmetic progression $A_i=k_i+np_i$ $n \ge 0$ . Is there any choice of the $k_i's$ such that $|\mathbb{N} \backslash …
1 vote
0 answers
123 views

Sparse sets of numbers with the Goldbach property

Let's say that a subset $A$ of $\mathbb{N}$ has the Goldbach property if every even number $\geq4$ is the sum of two numbers of $A$. Are there any results and examples of low density sets with these …
0 votes

Generalising Dirichlet's theorem in arithmetic progressions-prime combinatorics

HINT: We first notice that if for every $(M,d)$ relatively prime there is at least one prime of the form $Mn+d$ then there are infinitely many primes of this form. The first number that every prime $p …
Asterios Gkantzounis's user avatar
6 votes
2 answers
2k views

Generalising Dirichlet's theorem in arithmetic progressions-prime combinatorics

Let $M$ be a natural number $M>1$. For every prime $p_i$ not dividing $M$ take an arithmetic progression $A_i=k_i+np_i$ , $n\geq 0$ such that $k_i>p_i^2/M$. Is there any $M$ and some choice of the …
4 votes
5 answers
2k views

residue classes of primes, covering intervals and bounds on the different ways

Take the first $n$ primes $p_1,...,p_n$ and the primorial $P_n$ .Denote by $p_i$ every prime bigger than $p_n$ and smaller than $P_n$. 1) Is that true that there always be a number in any interval of …
7 votes
2 answers
1k views

Lower bound of the number of relatively primes(each-other) in an interval

I am trying to find lower and upper bounds for the number of integers that are coprime in pairs in an interval of length n. What are the best bounds that we have? Is that true that in any interval o …
7 votes
2 answers
512 views

Algorithm for least distance of powers of integers

From Michailescu's theorem (Catalan's conjecture) we have that the only $a,b,m,n \in \mathcal{Z}^{+}$ with $m,n>1$ such that $a^{m} - b^{n} = 1$ are: $a=3$, $b=2$, $m=2$, $n=3$. 1) Is there an algor …
0 votes

Chen's Theorem with congruence conditions.

one should add this :There are infinitely many twin primes if and only if there are infinitely many natural numbers that are not of the form 6nm+/-n +/-m. Proof: Every number that is not a multiply of …
Community's user avatar
  • 1
6 votes
2 answers
2k views

What is the shortest proof of the existence of a prime between $p$ and $p^2$ ? other examples? [closed]

1) It is well known that between a prime $p$ and $p^2$ always exist a prime, but what is the shortest proof of that (by elementary methods or not)? (One can say that we can have it as a collorary of …

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