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Limiting value of expectation of $\operatorname{tr}(BR(z))$, where $R(z) := (X^\top X - z I_d)^{-1}$ and $X \sim N_{n,d}(0,A)$

Let $A=A(d)$, and $B=B(d)$ be (sequences of) deterministic positive-definite $d \times d$ matrices and let $X$ be an $n \times d$ random matrix with iid rows from $N(0,A)$. Let $R$ be the resolvent of ...
dohmatob's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
1k views

Bound on eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices in terms of $d, n$, where $n=$ sample size, $d=$ dimension of data

Let $Z=[z_1, \dots z_n]$ be a $d \times n$ matrix, where the $z_i$'s are iid random vactors with mean $\mu \in \mathbb{R}^d$ and $d \times d$ (population) covariance matrix $\Sigma$, but the entries $...
Learning math's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
115 views

Distribution of the $k$-th largest eigenvalue of in the sample covariance matrix?

Let us assume we've a rectangular data matrix $X=[x_1 \dots x_n] \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times n}$, where the $x_i \in \mathbb{R}^{p \times 1}$ are iid column vectors. I'm not assuming here that the ...
Learning math's user avatar
27 votes
3 answers
4k views

Why is free probability a generalization of probability theory?

Note: This question was already asked on Math.SE nearly a week and a half ago but did not receive any responses. To the best of my knowledge, free probability is an active topic of research, so I hope ...
Chill2Macht's user avatar
  • 2,680
43 votes
8 answers
3k views

How to quantify noncommutativity?

If I have two operators or finite-dimensional matrices $A$ and $B$, how can I quantify the amount to which they commute or don't commute? (I would consider it a big plus if it is computable easily for ...
Jiahao Chen's user avatar
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