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Buss defined $V_2^1$​ as a second-order bounded arithmetic corresponding to $\mathsf{PSPACE}$. Later, Skelley introduced $W_1^1$​, a third-order bounded arithmetic of $\mathsf{PSPACE}$. Since the ...

I have an optimization problem and was using a linear programming optimizer to find solutions. However, I find that past a certain size, the problem becomes "infeasible" and has no solutions....

Let $Q \subseteq R^n$ be a rational polyhedron and let $Q_I=Convexhull(Q \cap Z^n)$. By finite basis theorem, we have $Q=P+C$ for some rational polytope $P$ and finitely generated cone $C$ where $C=R_+...