All Questions

Let $T$ be a torus, $T^* = T - \{p\}$ be the complement of a point $p$. Let's fix a pair of generators $x,y\in\pi_1(T^*)$. Their images in $\pi_1(T)$ also generate, and will also be denoted by $x,y$. ...

First I'll recall the plumbing procedure. Let $M$ be a noded Riemann surface with nodes $p_1,\dots, p_n$. There is a family of pairwise disjoint neighbourhoods of each node $U_i$ that has coordinates ...