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35 votes
2 answers
2k views

Is it consistent with ZF that $V \to V^{\ast \ast}$ is always an isomorphism?

Let $k$ be a field and $V$ a $k$-vector space. Then there is a map $V \to V^{\ast \ast}$, where $V^{\ast}$ is the dual vector space. If we are in ZFC and $\dim V$ is infinite, then this map is not ...
David E Speyer's user avatar
21 votes
2 answers
1k views

Closed subspaces of Banach spaces

Is it true that, assuming the Axiom of Choice, every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an infinite-dimensional closed subspace with infinite codimension? Note that this is different from the ...
Bruce Blackadar's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
299 views

Infinite-dimensional projections of linearly independent sets

A subset of a linear space $X$ is called infinite-dimensional if it is not contained in a finite-dimensional linear subspace of $X$. Problem. Let $L$ be an infinite-dimensional subset of the linear ...
Taras Banakh's user avatar
  • 41.9k
2 votes
0 answers
258 views

Orthogonal complement of arbitrary intersection of Hilbert subspaces

Let $H$ a Hilbert space, and $\mathcal C$ an arbitrary set of closed subspaces of $H$. Is it true that $$\left( \bigcap_{Z\in \mathcal C}Z\right)^\perp = \overline{\sum_{Z\in \mathcal C} Z^\perp}$$ ...
Nathaël's user avatar