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I am reading BRAID GROUPS, FREE GROUPS, AND THE LOOP SPACE OF THE 2-SPHERE by F.R. Cohen and J. Wu and here is an extract of the paper: (The proof is not finished yet but I am very confused by now.) ...

$\DeclareMathOperator\Inn{Inn}\DeclareMathOperator\Aut{Aut}\DeclareMathOperator\Out{Out}\DeclareMathOperator\Pin{Pin}\DeclareMathOperator\Spin{Spin}\DeclareMathOperator\SO{SO}\DeclareMathOperator\PSO{...

Given a group $G$, we denote the center Z$(G)$, we like to know the automorphism group Aut($G$), the outer automorphism Out($G$) and the inner automorphism Inn($G$). They form short exact sequences: $$...