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I am reading van de Vaart and Weller, Weak Convergence and Empirical Processes With Applications to Statistics. And I am stuck in the proof of Theorem 2.6.7 on page 141.

For simplicity I restae the condition and my problem. Suppose $Q$ is a probability measure and $r>1$, $f,g,F$ are measurable functions and $Qf=\int f dQ$. Under the conditions below

  1. $|f|\le F$

  2. $F$ is integrable

  3. $\int|f-g| dQ<2\int F dQ$

the proof of the theorem said $$ Q|f-g|^r\le Q|f-g|(2F)^{r-1}. $$

I don't know how to derive this inequality. I tried to use $C_r$-inequality, $$ \begin{align} Q|f-g|^r&=\int|f-g||f-g|^{r-1}dQ \\ &\le\int|f-g| \cdot 2^{r-2}(|f|^{r-1}+|g|^{r-1})dQ\\ &\le \int|f-g| \cdot 2^{r-2}F^{r-1}dQ+\int|f-g| \cdot 2^{r-2}|g|^{r-1}dQ. \end{align} $$ Hence I need to prove $\int|f-g| \cdot 2^{r-2}|g|^{r-1}dQ\le \int|f-g| \cdot 2^{r-2}F^{r-1}dQ$. From condition 1 and 3, it can be shown $Q|g|\le 3QF$ by the triangle inequality. However I cannot proceed further with the proof. I guess this should be obvious and easy, but I am really confused and have spent the whole day on this point.

Any help would be appreciated.

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  • $\begingroup$ As written, it is just false. Take $r=2$, $f=0$, $F=1$ and $g$ in $L^1$ with norm $1$ but not in $L^2$. Most likely, some extra condition is missing. $\endgroup$
    – fedja
    Commented Mar 12, 2023 at 15:12
  • $\begingroup$ It is unclear to me where you got your conditions 1--3 from. The function $g$ is not described/defined in the proof in the book at all. Apparently, they assumed that $|g|\le F$, and then the inequality is trivial. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 12, 2023 at 15:43

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