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A "summability kernel" is a sequence of functions $k_n:[0,1)\to \mathbb C$ such that $$ \int_0^1 k_n(t) \mathrm d t =1,$$ $$ \int_0^1 |k_n(t)| \mathrm d t =O(1),$$ with an implied constant independent of $n$ and, lastly, $k_n$ must satisfy that for every $\delta \in (0,1/2]$, $$ \lim_{n\to+\infty}\int_{\delta<|t|<1/2} |k_n(t)| \mathrm d t =0.$$

My question is whether we can choose a summability kernel such that the limit in the third property converges faster than the Fejér kernel. Specifically, the Fejér kernel is defined as $$F_n(t) = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{|k|\leq n-1} \left(1-\frac{|k|}{n}\right)\mathrm e^{2\pi i k t}$$ and one can show that it is given in closed form as $$F_n(t)=\frac{1}{n}\frac{1-\cos(n t) }{1-\cos t}.$$ This is $\ll \frac{1}{n|1-\cos t|}$, which is $\ll 1/(n t^2)$ from the Taylor expansion of $\cos$ around $t=0$. Hence $$\int_{\delta<|t|<1/2} |k_n(t)| \mathrm d t \asymp \frac{1}{n \delta}.$$ This goes to zero as long as $$\delta>\frac{1}{n^{1.0001}},$$ say.

QUESTION: is there any other kernel such that the limit goes to zero even when $\delta $ is not so large compared to $n$? For example, when $$\delta>\frac{1}{n^c}$$ for some constant $0<c<1$ ?

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    $\begingroup$ Yes, it is possible to improve the degree of approximation of Fejer kernel with trigonometric polynomials of degree n (which is of order $L (\log n)/n$ for Lipchitz functions) to the optimal one which is $L/n$ , again for Lipschitz function. This is done by the Jackson kernel. I do not know the answer for your $n, \delta$ question, since usually these improved estimates are proved by integrating $tk_n(t)$, rather then splitting. $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 27, 2022 at 14:01
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    $\begingroup$ This is excellent! May I please ask how is the degree of approximation defined? I do not work in this area at all... $\endgroup$
    – Dr. Pi
    Commented Sep 27, 2022 at 15:33
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    $\begingroup$ For $f$ continuous and periodic $e_n(f)=\inf\{\|f-P\|_\infty \}$ where $P$ ranges over all trigonometric polynomials of degree $\leq n$. You can find all this, for example, in the book by Natanson, Constructive Approximation (and in many others). $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 27, 2022 at 15:41

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