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Let $p:E\to B$ and $p':E'\to B$ be fibrations. It is well known that if $f:E\to E'$ a fibrewise map that is also a homotopy equivalence, then it is a fibrewise homotopy equivalence.

What about the more general situation of fibrations $p:E\to B$ and $p':E'\to B'$ over different bases? A fibre-preserving map from $p$ to $p'$ is a pair of maps $f:E\to E'$ and $\overline{f}:B\to B'$ such that $\overline{f}\circ p=p'\circ f$, and a fibre-preserving homotopy between such maps is a pair of homotopies $H:E\times I\to E'$ and $\overline{H}:B\times I\to B'$ such that the following diagram commutes: $\require{AMScd}$ \begin{CD} E\times I @> H >> E'\\ @V p\times\operatorname{Id} V V @VVp'V\\ B\times I @> \overline{H}>> B' \end{CD}

One can then easily define a fibre-preserving homotopy equivalence from $p$ to $p'$.

Question: Is there an example of a fibre-preserving map of fibrations \begin{CD} E @> f >> E'\\ @V p V V @VVp'V\\ B @> \overline{f}>> B' \end{CD} such that $f$ and $\overline{f}$ are homotopy equivalences, but the pair $(f,\overline{f})$ is not a fibre-preserving homotopy equivalence, i.e. does not admit a fibre-preserving homotopy inverse?

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    $\begingroup$ I don't think so. Doesn't the proof of the Proposition on p. 47 of Peter May's book dualize? $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 3, 2021 at 12:58
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    $\begingroup$ @GustavoGranja It would appear that Peter May thinks so: see p. 53 of the same book! I'll try to check the details and get back to you. Barring a major surprise, this reference seems to be a satisfactory answer. $\endgroup$
    – Mark Grant
    Commented Jun 3, 2021 at 14:09
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    $\begingroup$ @GustavoGranja well I didn't check all details, but enough to have faith that it's true. If you'd like to post this reference as an answer, I'd gladly accept it. $\endgroup$
    – Mark Grant
    Commented Jun 4, 2021 at 16:46
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    $\begingroup$ This also follows from formality: Give $\mathsf{Top}$ with the Hurewicz model structure. The arrow category $\operatorname{Arr}(\mathsf{Top})$ admits the injective model structure. In this model structure, every object is cofibrant; fibrant objects are precisely the fibrations in $\mathsf{Top}$. If $f$ and $\overline{f}$ are homotopy equivalences, then $(f,\overline{f})$ is a weak equivalence in $\operatorname{Arr}(\mathsf{Top})$ between fibrant-cofibrant objects, and hence is a homotopy equivalence. $\endgroup$
    – Ken
    Commented Apr 3, 2022 at 7:43

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The answer to the question as asked is no: a fibre-preserving map of fibrations in which the maps of total and base spaces are homotopy equivalences is neccessarily a fibre-preserving homotopy equivalence (also known as a homotopy equivalence of fibrations). A reference was supplied in the comments by Gustavo Granja, to Peter May's book A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology, where the statement appears as a Proposition on page 53. (The proof, although not given in detail, does appear to be a straightforward dualization of the corresponding result for cofibrations, proved on page 48.)

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