I have to admit I don't know much about topics appearing in this question, I just see very rough connections between these objects:
According to this page 23, a different $t$-structure on $D^b(\text{Coh}_X)$ is considered that its heart produces the same algebraic $K$-groups ($G$-groups). The definition of the $t$-structure is the reminiscent of the classical perverse sheaves, defined using a perversity function. The difference that I see that perverse sheaves are usually defined in the category of sheaves of abelian groups rather than $\mathcal{O}_X$-modules. There is also Riemann-Hilbert correspondence between perverse sheaves and $D$-modules. I was wondering whether it is possible to recover higher algebraic $K$-groups of regular varieties by taking the $K$-theory of some specific type of $D$-modules?