Let $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ be a Lebesgue-measurable set. We say that $A$ is locally $\varepsilon$-dense if for any $\varepsilon > 0$, there are $x<y\in\mathbb{R}$ such that $$\frac{\mu(A\cap[x,y])}{y-x} \geq 1-\varepsilon,$$ where $\mu$ denotes the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}$. Clearly, if $A$ has positive measure, then $A$ is locally $\varepsilon$-dense. Does the converse hold?
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1$\begingroup$ Don't you mean : "Clearly if $A$ is locally $\epsilon-$dense then $A$ has positive measure"? $\endgroup$– RaphaelB4Commented Dec 1, 2020 at 10:04
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2$\begingroup$ The question in the question is trivial. The question in the title follows from the Lebesgue density theorem. $\endgroup$– Emil JeřábekCommented Dec 1, 2020 at 12:07
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1$\begingroup$ I’m voting to close this question because the answer in Emil Jeřábek's comment shows that the non-obvious direction it follows at once from a standard result in measure theory. $\endgroup$– Mark WildonCommented Dec 16, 2020 at 19:53
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1 Answer
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$A=[0,1]$ has positive measure and is not locally $\varepsilon$-dense for $(x,y)=(3,4)$ ...
For the converse, yes and even more $\mathbf{R}\setminus A$ has measure $0$. And you only need the estimate for one single $\varepsilon$ :
$\mathbf{1}_A$ is locally integrable si almost every $x\in \mathbf{R}$ is a Lebesgue point, that is
\begin{align*}
\lim_{r\rightarrow 0^+} \frac{1}{2r}\int_{[x-r,x+r]} \mathbf{1}_A = \mathbf{1}_A(x).
\end{align*}
The local $\varepsilon$-density imposes that $\mathbf{1}_A>0$ almost everywhere.