# An equality about sin function?

Empirical evidence suggests that, for each positive integer $$n$$, the following equality holds:
$$\begin{equation*} \prod_{s=1}^{2n}\sum_{k=1}^{2n}(-i)^k\sin\frac{sk\pi}{2n+1}=(-1)^n\frac{2n+1}{2^n}, \end{equation*}$$ where $$i=\sqrt{-1}$$.

Is it a known equality? If it is true, would you please give me some insights on how to derive this equality?

• Maybe it helps if you use $sin(x)=(e^{ix}-e^{-ix})/2i$. Then it seems to be related with discrete Fourier transform. – user35593 Aug 13 at 16:38
• In possible connection with the matrix of Discrete Sine Transform Version DST-I (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_sine_transform). – Jean Marie Becker Aug 14 at 15:59

We have $$\sum_{k=0}^{2n}(-i)^k\sin\frac{sk\pi}{2n+1}=\frac{h(s)-h(-s)}{2i},\quad\text{where}\\ h(s)=\sum_{k=0}^{2n}e^{i(-\pi/2+\frac{\pi s}{2n+1})k}=\frac{1-e^{-i\pi(2n+1)/2+i\pi s}}{1-e^{i(-\pi/2+\frac{\pi s}{2n+1})}}=\frac{1+i(-1)^{n+s}}{1+ie^{i\frac{\pi s}{2n+1}}}.$$ The numerators for $$s$$ and $$-s$$ are the same, and $$\frac1{1+ie^{i\theta}}- \frac1{1+ie^{-i\theta}}=\frac{2\sin\theta}{2i\cos \theta}=-i\tan\theta,$$ so the product reads as $$2^{-2n}\prod_{s=1}^{2n} (1+i(-1)^{n+s})\tan \frac{s\pi}{2n+1}.$$ The product of $$(1+i(-1)^{n+s})$$ equals $$2^n$$, since the product of two consecutive guys equals 2. It remains to prove that $$\prod_{s=1}^{2n}\tan \frac{s\pi}{2n+1}=(-1)^n(2n+1).$$ This should be well known, and in any case it is standard: using the formula $$i\tan \theta=\frac{e^{2i\theta}-1}{e^{2i\theta}+1}$$ we get $$(-1)^n\prod_{s=1}^{2n}\tan \frac{s\pi}{2n+1}=\prod_{s=1}^{2n} \frac{\omega^s-1}{\omega^s+1},\quad\text{where}\, \omega=e^{2\pi i/(2n+1)}.$$ We have $$\prod_{s=1}^{2n}(z-\omega^s)=1+z+\ldots+z^{2n}=:P(z)$$, therefore $$\prod_{s=1}^{2n} \frac{\omega^s-1}{\omega^s+1}=\frac {P(1)}{P(-1)}=2n+1$$