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This is a continuation of my question Quotient of a reductive group by a non-smooth central finite subgroup.

Let $G$ be a smooth, connected, reductive $k$-group over a field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$. Let $H\subset G$ be a $k$-subgroup, not necessarily smooth. Question 1: Does the quotient $G/H$ exist as a $k$-variety?

I am interested in the following special case. Let $H^{\rm mult}$ denote the largest quotient of $H$ which is a $k$-group ($k$-group scheme) of multiplicative type. Set $H_1=\ker[H\to H^{\rm mult}]$. I assume that $H_1$ is smooth, connected and semisimple. Question 2: Does the quotient $G/H$ exist as a $k$-variety under this assumption? (I do not assume that $H^{\rm mult}$ is smooth.)

All comments and references are welcome!

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    $\begingroup$ For any group scheme $G$ of finite type over any field $k$ and any closed $k$-subgroup scheme $H$ of $G$, the fppf quotient sheaf $G/H$ is represented by a separated finite type $k$-scheme and the map $q:G \rightarrow G/H$ is faithfully flat (so $q$ inherits "any" property of $H \rightarrow {\rm{Spec}}(k)$ that is fppf-local on the base). In particular, if $G$ is smooth then $G/H$ is smooth. See SGA3, Exp. VI$_{\rm{A}}$, section 3 for the construction (doesn't use quasi-projective methods, but see footnote 35). For affineness when $G$ is affine and $H$ is normal, see VI$_{\rm{B}}$, 11.17. $\endgroup$
    – user29283
    Commented Mar 28, 2013 at 14:36
  • $\begingroup$ "footnote 35" in the preceding comment refers to the new SMF edition. $\endgroup$
    – user29283
    Commented Mar 28, 2013 at 14:37

2 Answers 2

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As xuhan points out, SGA3 provides a fairly comprehensive view of what can be said about quotients involving group schemes. The price of this thoroughness is of course a lengthy technical treatment from which you might have trouble extracting just the amount of information you need. (SGA3 is currently available online here.) In any case, it would be helpful if xuhan expands the comment here into a full answer.

Two later expositions may be worth consulting for your specific questions, since they are written in different styles:

Demazure-Gabriel, Groupes algebraiques, Chap. III, section 3.3.

Jantzen, Representations of Algebraic Groups (2nd ed., AMS, 2003), I.5 (especially the early sections of this chapter). Note that Jantzen follows closely the Demazure-Gabriel treatment, but he tries to make his own version as self-contained as possible. Moreover, his study of group schemes is slanted particularly toward work with reductive group schemes over fields of prime characteristic.

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Let $G$ be an affine algebraic group scheme over a field, and let $N$ be an affine normal subgroup scheme. Then the quotient $Q=G/N$ certainly always exists as an affine algebraic group scheme, and it is smooth if $G$ is smoooth (the coordinate ring of $Q$ is contained in that of $G$, and hence geometrically reduced).

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