I am trying to prove that a mapping has a unique fixed-point by showing that its Jacobian is a P-matrix. In this particular case the Jacobian can be decomposed as the sum of two matrices and I would like to show the following result:

Let $M \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ be a M-matrix and $S \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ be a S-matrix (positive definite matrix) with non-negative entries. Is it the case that $M + S$ is a P-matrix?

The result holds trivially for $n=1,2$, but I was wondering if it holds for arbitrary $n$. I generated millions of random matrices with $n \le 10$ and the result seems to be true. I would truly appreciate any comments, references or help!

###Some definitions## A matrix $M \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ is a M-matrix if (i) all off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero, and (ii) all principal minors of $M$ are positive. A matrix $P \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ is a P-matrix if all principal minors of $P$ are positive. Horn Johnson's Topics in Matrix Analysis (1991, pp. 112-125) discusses various equivalent definitions for these matrices.

Interestingly, all M-matrices are P-matrices and all S-matrices are P-matrices, but P-matrices are not close under addition. For example, $A = \begin{bmatrix} \frac 1 2 & -1 \\ 0 & \frac 1 2 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} \frac 1 2 & 0 \\ -1 & \frac 1 2 \end{bmatrix}$ are both P-matrices but the sum $A+B$ is not. This example is taken from Parthasarathy's On Global Univalence Theorems (1983, p. 15).

###Some Background### In many equilibrium models one proves the uniqueness of an equilibrium by showing that an equation $F(x) = 0$ has at most one solution. In many cases the Jacobian of $F$ can be decomposed as the sum of a positive diagonal matrix and M- or P-matrix, which is again a P-matrix. Then one invokes the univalence result of Gale and Nikaido's The Jacobian matrix and global univalence of mappings (1965) to show that the mapping admits at most one solution. The previous result would allow one to prove uniqueness in more general mappings and may be of interest to the community.

I am trying to prove that a mapping has a unique fixed-point by showing that its Jacobian is a P-matrix. In this particular case the Jacobian can be decomposed as the sum of two matrices and I would like to show the following result:

Let $M \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ be a M-matrix and $S \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ be a S-matrix (positive definite matrix) with non-negative entries. Is it the case that $M + S$ is a P-matrix?

The result holds trivially for $n=1,2$, but I was wondering if it holds for arbitrary $n$. I generated millions of random matrices with $n \le 10$ and the result seems to be true. I would truly appreciate any comments, references or help!

Some definitions

A matrix $M \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ is a M-matrix if (i) all off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero, and (ii) all principal minors of $M$ are positive. A matrix $P \in \mathbb R^{n \times n}$ is a P-matrix if all principal minors of $P$ are positive. Horn Johnson's Topics in Matrix Analysis (1991, pp. 112-125) discusses various equivalent definitions for these matrices.

Interestingly, all M-matrices are P-matrices and all S-matrices are P-matrices, but P-matrices are not close under addition. For example, $A = \begin{bmatrix} \frac 1 2 & -1 \\ 0 & \frac 1 2 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} \frac 1 2 & 0 \\ -1 & \frac 1 2 \end{bmatrix}$ are both P-matrices but the sum $A+B$ is not. This example is taken from Parthasarathy's On Global Univalence Theorems (1983, p. 15).

Some Background

In many equilibrium models one proves the uniqueness of an equilibrium by showing that an equation $F(x) = 0$ has at most one solution. In many cases the Jacobian of $F$ can be decomposed as the sum of a positive diagonal matrix and M- or P-matrix, which is again a P-matrix. Then one invokes the univalence result of Gale and Nikaido's The Jacobian matrix and global univalence of mappings (1965) to show that the mapping admits at most one solution. The previous result would allow one to prove uniqueness in more general mappings and may be of interest to the community.