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Billiards are a class of dynamical systems in which a point particle moves uniformly in a domain $D\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ except for mirror-like reflections from the boundary. Varying $D$ leads to examples satisfying many ergodic properties. Billiards enhance visual explanations of dynamical concepts to students and the general public. There are many applications in physics and image processing. The free motion and/or reflection rule may be generalized.
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Accepted
Raphael Douady's thesis: Applications du théorème des tores invariants
Caustics of convex billiards and of external billiards follow the same rule. The regularity of the billiard map is 1 degree less than that of the curve, hence it has to be of class C^4. …