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Galois theory, named after Évariste Galois, provides a connection between field theory and group theory. Using Galois theory, certain problems in field theory can be reduced to group theory, which is, in some sense, simpler and better understood.

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Profinite groups as étale fundamental groups

[Edit:] The answer should be positive, that is, every profinite group appears as the fundamental group of a scheme. Here is a sketch of proof. First of all, I claim that for any finite group $G$ ther …
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9 votes
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Grothendieck's Galois theory without finiteness hypotheses

Check out Section 2 of Noohi's paper Fundamental groups of topological stacks with slice property, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 8 (2008) pp 1333–1370, doi:10.2140/agt.2008.8.1333, arXiv:0710.2615.
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