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Lie algebras are algebraic structures which were introduced to study the concept of infinitesimal transformations. The term "Lie algebra" (after Sophus Lie) was introduced by Hermann Weyl in the 1930s. In older texts, the name "infinitesimal group" is used. Related mathematical concepts include Lie groups and differentiable manifolds.

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orbit of a Dynkin diagram automorphism

In a bunch of important cases, the orbits (of the group $\langle f \rangle$) acting on $\Delta$, correspond to roots in another root system. This is the procedure called "folding", which gives a way …
Hugh Thomas's user avatar
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3 votes

How do I stop worrying about root systems and decomposition theorems (for reductive groups)?

I had a problem which may be similar when I encountered root systems for the first time. In retrospect, I think that the problem was that I was reading about specific realizations of root systems (eg …
Hugh Thomas's user avatar
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