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Questions about the branch of combinatorics called graph theory (not to be used for questions concerning the graph of a function). This tag can be further specialized via using it in combination with more specialized tags such as extremal-graph-theory, spectral-graph-theory, algebraic-graph-theory, topological-graph-theory, random-graphs, graph-colorings and several others.

3 votes

Does the shortest distance between two cities of a Traveling Salesman Problem always appear ...

The answer is no. Consider five cities, with $(a,b), (b,c), (c,d), (d,e)$ each having cost $2$, and $(b,d)$ cost $1$, but all other edges much more expensive. The shortest path visiting every city i …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
4 votes

Strongly connected DAG from any connected undirected graph?

The answer to both questions is negative, if one wants to have an acyclic digraph that is strongly connected, in the sense that any two nodes have a directed path between them in one direction or the …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
5 votes

Representing repeated structure in graphs

Once you have found the smallest description of a graph (in your favored scheme), then a philosophically minded person will say, Yes, but how about the smallest description-of-a-description of a graph …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
1 vote

Functions and graphs

It's not true even for $n=1$. Consider the graph with two nodes, $a$ and $b$, with edges as follows: $a\to a$ $a\to b$ $b\to b$ Thus, $a$ has exactly two out-arrows, $b$ has exactly two in-arrow …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
3 votes

Why are some tilings introduced as geometrical objects, not graphs?

Some very interesting types of tiling problems have a trivial graph. For example, the Wang tiling problem uses square tiles, which are labeled on the sides, and the rule for the tiling is that the lab …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
4 votes

Isn't a graph to be considered isomorphic to its complement, actually?

Perhaps what Hans means is simply that any graph has exactly the same information as the complement graph, because if we know completely where there are no edges, then we also know completely where ar …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

Graph properties and infinite FOL sentences

Let me suppose for simplicity at first that we are speaking here just of countable graphs. There are continuum many isomorphism types of countable graphs, and any collection of such isomorphism types …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
9 votes
Accepted

Characterization of transitive closure graphs

There are a few problems with what you wrote. First, you probably want $TC(\{X\})$ rather than $TC(X)$, since you want $X$ to be an element, not just a subset, since it is the node corresponding t …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
1 vote

Infinite graphs with finitely discriminable vertices

(Please se the edit history for my previous answer.) I believe the interesting question here is whether we can assign to each node in a countable directed graph $G$ a finite induced pointed subgraph …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
30 votes
Accepted

Human checkable proof of the Four Color Theorem?

This is too long for a comment, so I am placing it here. In this article of the Notices of the AMS, Gonthier describes a full formal proof of the four-color theorem, which makes explicit every logica …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
31 votes
3 answers
2k views

Is the Rado graph a Cayley graph? If so, what is the group like? (And other questions...)

The countable random graph, also known as the Rado graph, is characterized as the unique countable graph in which every two disjoint finite sets $A$ and $B$ of vertices admit a vertex $p$ connected to …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
3 votes
Accepted

Minimal coverings by maximal cliques

Nice question. The answer is no, not necessarily. Theorem. There is a graph $G$ such that there is no minimal vertex covering of it by maximal cliques. Indeed, in every vertex covering $\cal C$ of $G …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
5 votes

Minimal labeling of a directed acyclic graph

Perhaps it is helpful to mention that an equivalent formulation of your question concerns partial orders rather than graphs. Namely, if $(V,E)$ is a directed acylic graph, then your reachability rela …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Name for "lower/upper bounds" of arbitrary relations?

If your relation is at all order-like, then I would recommend just staying with the upper/lower bound terminology. And unless I misunderstand you, the example you describe is actually a (strict) parti …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
8 votes
Accepted

A distinguishing node property in trees?

I have a counterexample. It is not enough just to count leaves, since this doesn't take into account the number of possible ways to arrive at those leaves. Consider the graph below. A - B - C - …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar

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