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An important and fundamental axiom in set theory sometimes called Zermelo's axiom of choice. It was formulated by Zermelo in 1904 and states that, given any set of mutually disjoint nonempty sets, there exists at least one set that contains exactly one element in common with each of the nonempty sets. The axiom of choice is related to the first of Hilbert's problems.

2 votes

Global or Relativised Dependent Choices

Another economical way to think about it is to use the Reflection theorem (although unwinding this amounts just to Andres' argument). Namely, by the Reflection Theorem there is an ordinal $\theta$ suc …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
6 votes

Maximal chains and antichains of statements weaker than AC

The partial order of statements weaker than the axiom of choice is simply the upper-cone above AC in the Lindenbaum algebra of ZF statements. That is, it is a quotient of the Lindenbaum algebra by the …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
5 votes

Cantor's diagonal argument and ZF

Let me point out that in the case $X=\mathbb{N}$, the assertion seems to be simply equivalent to the existence of an injection $\omega_1\to \mathbb{R}$. Ricky has cleverly proved the forward implicati …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
2 votes

Can iterating countable unions give every set? (ZF)

If we assume ZF plus the assertion that $\omega_1$ is regular (which is provable from countable choice), or that indeed there is any uncountable regular cardinal $\delta$, then such a set $S$ exists. …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
7 votes
Accepted

For models of ZF, if for some $A$ we have $L[A] = L$, what can we deduce about $A$?

Regarding your last question, it is easy to see that if $A\cap L=\varnothing$, then $L[A]=L$, because at every stage, if we have agreement $L_\alpha[A]=L_\alpha$ so far, then having $A$ as a predicate …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
12 votes
Accepted

Relations of axioms of choice

Yes, the axiom of choice is equivalent to the assertion that $\text{AC}_X$ holds for every definable $X$. One usually has to take a little care with foundational matters when definability is involve …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
5 votes

Why doesn't choice imply global choice (in NBG)?

The other answers are great. Let me point out, however, that one doesn't need the inaccessible cardinal in Asaf's argument, because one can force over any ZFC model, and there is a pure-forcing argume …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
13 votes
Accepted

Class-theoretic division paradox

The answer is yes. First, let us observe the following lemma. Let us work in GBc, that is, Gödel-Bernays set theory with the axiom of choice, but only choice for sets, and not global choice. Lemma. If …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
21 votes

What choice principles does "every set is in bijection with a transitive set" imply?

Here is one instance, although not with a "classical" choice principle. Namely, your principle TC implies the rigid relation principle RR, a weak choice principle introduced by Justin Palumbo and myse …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
13 votes
Accepted

Non-constructive existence proofs without AC?

If ZF is consistent, then the answer is no. ZF proves that there is an $x$ such that $P(x)$: either $x$ is an $L$-generic Cohen real or there is no $L$-generic such real. (Here, by $L$ I mean the co …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
41 votes
Accepted

Are all sets totally ordered ?

In the paper Dense orderings, partitions and weak forms of choice, by Carlos G. Gonzalez FUNDAMENTA MATHEMATICAE 147 (1995), the author states the following theorem, where AC is the Axiom of Choice, …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
3 votes

Linear space with (Hamel) basis and the axiom of choice

Yes, it is true that AC is equivalent to the assertion that every vector space has a basis, and this is discussed in all the usual treatments of equivalents to the axiom of choice. For example, the re …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
4 votes

The role of the rigid relation principle ($RR$) in the Kunen inconsistency

Question 2 is an immediate consequence of the theorems in my paper with Justin. J. D. Hamkins and J. Palumbo, The rigid relation principle, a new weak choice principle, Mathematical Logic Quarterly …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
3 votes

Is every Heyting algebra the Lindenbaum algebra of an intuitionistic first order theory?

Here is a partial answer in the case of complete Boolean algebras, which I claim do all arise as Lindenbaum algebras. Let $\mathbb{B}$ be a complete Boolean algebra, and suppose that $M$ is any $\math …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar
15 votes
Accepted

On surjections, idempotence and axiom of choice

The answer is no. First, I argue that it is consistent with ZF that a Dedekind finite set $A$ can map onto $A\times 2$, and much more. To see this, begin with any infinite Dedekind finite set $B\su …
Joel David Hamkins's user avatar

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