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Galois theory, named after Évariste Galois, provides a connection between field theory and group theory. Using Galois theory, certain problems in field theory can be reduced to group theory, which is, in some sense, simpler and better understood.
2
votes
Accepted
Image of spliting of short exact sequence of algebraic fundamental groups
First a remark : you have to suppose $X$ geometrically connected to get this exact sequence.
I don't know what kind of understanding you expect, but the answer to the question will it always be the fu …
8
votes
Grothendieck's Galois theory without finiteness hypotheses
Besides the references already given above, one can also mention §7 of SGA III, Exp.X (Caracterisation Et Classification Des Groupes De Type Multiplicatif, doi:10.1007/BFb0059008), where Grothendieck …
15
votes
Accepted
Anabelian geometry study materials?
There is this very beautiful survey
Nakamura, Hiroaki; Tamagawa, Akio; Mochizuki, Shinichi
The Grothendieck conjecture on the fundamental groups of algebraic curves
http://www.math.sci.osaka-u.ac. …