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In Stefan Schewede's paper Formal groups and stable homotopy of commutative rings, he introduces $\Gamma$-rings (ring spectra) $DB$ for any commutative ring $B$ such that the the set of 1-dimensional …

This is essentially a request for counterexamples, since I know so few $n$-buds (or as some might say, formal group law $n$-chunks). One notices that the only $1$-bud of maximal degree 1 is the addit …

Does anyone know of a good, complete reference for non-commutative formal group laws (i.e. construction of a "Lazard ring," discussion of non-commutative formal groups, perhaps some discussion of thei …

In Michel Lazard's "Commutative Formal Groups" Springer Lecture Notes, he defines an operator on a polynomial 3-cochain $f$ denoted $\Gamma_n(f)$, which defines as the $n^{th}$ homogeneous piece of th …

It's known, from Ravenel's green book, as well as other sources, that we build formal group laws over a ring from n-buds, where an n-bud is essentially a truncated formal group law (sometimes called a …

Lubin and Tate, in discussing moduli of 1-dimensional formal groups construct a cohomology theory of formal groups, at least in degrees 0,1 and 2. Does their result about deformations actually follow …