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definability by formulas in first-order logic, e.g. as explained at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definable_set, or as in J. Robinson's first-order definition of the integers in the field of rationals

6 votes
Accepted

Is ZF + Def a conservative extension of ZFC+HOD? If not, what are counter-examples?

Any model of ${\sf ZFC}+V=\sf HOD$ has an elementary equivalent pointwise definable model. If $M$ models $V=\sf HOD$, it has a parameter free definable well ordering, for each formula $φ$ consider the …
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2 votes

How do these two principles of Foundation written in $\mathcal L_{\omega_1,\omega}$ compare?

Your axiom schema is equivalent to being an $\omega$-model. Working inside an $\omega$-model, any counter example to your schema will be counter example of the axiom of foundation of ZFC, as you can u …
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4 votes
Accepted

Does cardinal definable choice imply AC?

Over ZF yes, it does. Let $X$ be any family of nonempty sets, and let $κ$ be cardinal such that $ρ(κ)>ρ(X)$, then $V_{ρ(κ)}\setminus\{∅\}$ is cardinal definable, hence has a choice function that induc …
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2 votes
Accepted

Which fragment of ZF does the class of all hereditarily predicatively definable sets capture?

HPD satisfy extensionality and regularity trivially. It satisfy Pairing, as if $x,y\in HPD$ we can explicitly write down the definition of $(x,y)$ using only $x,y$ as parameters (and they have strictl …
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