Let $f : X\rightarrow Y$ be a proper flat morphism with connected fibers over a smooth projective curve $Y$ over $\mathbb{C}$. Let $X_{y_0}$ denote a smooth fiber over $y_0\in Y$.

If $f$ is smooth, then the topological Euler characteristic is multiplicative: $\chi(X) = \chi(Y)\cdot\chi(X_{y_0})$. In general, there is a formula for the topological Euler characteristic which includes some correction terms for the singular fibers: $$\chi(X) = \chi(Y)\chi(X_{y_0}) + \sum_{y\in Y}(\chi(X_y) - \chi(X_{y_0})$$

Does there exist an analogous formula for the holomorphic/algebraic Euler characteristic? I'm in particular interested in the case where $X\rightarrow Y$ is a family of curves over $Y$ (so $\dim X = 2$). To be precise, I'm looking for a formula for $\chi(X,\mathcal{O}_X)$ in terms of geometric invariants of $Y$ and some fibral data. By fibral data I mean geometric properties which are local on the base $Y$ (e.g. geometric invariants of fibers, monodromy around singular fibers acting on the cohomology of a smooth fiber...etc).

As a nonexample, Riemann-Roch relates this Euler characteristic to the intersection number of $X_{y_0}$ with $K - X_{y_0}$ (which can be understood locally on $Y$) plus $\chi(X,\mathcal{O}_X(X_{y_0}))$ (which is not local on $Y$).

Even if there is no exact "formula" in general, what can be said about $\chi(X,\mathcal{O}_X)$ using information about $Y$ and local information near the fibers of $f$? I'm happy to assume $X$ is smooth (over $\mathbb{C}$).