Skip to main content
2 of 2
"left invariant" -> "stable" (to avoid confusion with left vs. right), and then some more re-writing.

are the congruence subgroups $\Gamma(n)$ characteristic inside $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$?

For which $n$ is the "principal congruence subgroup" $\Gamma(n)\le \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$, the subgroup consisting of matrices congruent to the identity modulo $n$, characteristic? I.e., for which $n$ is $\Gamma(n)$ stable (as a set) under all automorphisms of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$?