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For any space $X$, the first Steenrod square cohomology operation $$Sq^1\colon H^\ast(X;\mathbb{Z}_2)\to H^{\ast +1}(X;\mathbb{Z}_2)$$ is a derivation, meaning that $Sq^1\circ Sq^1 = 0$ and $Sq^1(a\...

In the paper Products of Cocycles and Extensions of Mappings, Steenrod introduced the cup-$i$ product and Steenrod square $Sq^k$: $$ Sq^k(x_n) \equiv x_n \smile_{n-k} x_n,\ \ \ x_n \in C^n(M^d;\...