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There is a function on $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-cohomology called Steenrod squaring: $Sq^i:H^k(X,\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}) \to H^{k+i}(X,\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})$. (Coefficient group suppressed from ...

The original paper on Steenrod squares, Steenrod's "Products of cocycles and extensions of mappings", 1947, uses an explicit combinatorial formula for the squares in terms of simplicial cochains: ...

For any space $X$, the first Steenrod square cohomology operation $$Sq^1\colon H^\ast(X;\mathbb{Z}_2)\to H^{\ast +1}(X;\mathbb{Z}_2)$$ is a derivation, meaning that $Sq^1\circ Sq^1 = 0$ and $Sq^1(a\...

In the paper Products of Cocycles and Extensions of Mappings, Steenrod introduced the cup-$i$ product and Steenrod square $Sq^k$: $$ Sq^k(x_n) \equiv x_n \smile_{n-k} x_n,\ \ \ x_n \in C^n(M^d;\...

Here are various ways to define "Bockstein homomorphism:" Let $\beta_p:H^*(-,\mathbb{Z}_p) \to H^{*+1}(-,\mathbb{Z}_p)$ be the Bockstein homomorphism associated to the extension $$\mathbb{Z}...