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3 votes
0 answers
126 views

A path with zero increments and positive area

I am studying rough paths from the 2007 St Flour lecture notes and I came across the example at the end of chapter one of the sequence of paths $X(n):[0,2\pi]\to \mathbb R^2$ given by $X_t(n) = \frac{...
2 votes
0 answers
111 views

Iterated integral with a irregular path

For the proof of Fundamental Lemma 3.1 on the page 400 of K.T. Chen's 1957 paper Integration of paths--A faithful representation of paths by noncommutative formal power series, it requires the path $\...