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This is a copy of Math StackExchange question #4395977, which I felt was more appropriate for MathOverflow. Note on terminology: "admissible", "$(^+)$-stable", and "$\Pi^1_1$-...

I am looking for a characterization of the $Π_2$ statements provable in KP. Here, KP (often denoted KPω) is the Kripke-Platek set theory, including infinity and full induction on ordinals. Here is ...

Ordinal analysis is typically described as characterizing recursive ordinals in a theory $T$, but there is a sense in which it can characterize all $T$-ordinals, even those that are nonrecursive. ...

Given a theory $T$, for arbitrary formulas $φ$ and $ψ$ that provably in $T$ denote an ordinal, set $[φ]_T < [ψ]_T$ iff provably in $T$, the ordinal denoted by $φ$ is less than the ordinal denoted ...

Ordinal collapsing functions appear in proof theory, and they are used to name large countable ordinals by using uncountable ordinals. Previously I posted a question about why $\psi(\alpha)$ is ...