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Observability inequality for the 1D transport equation
Let $(a,b) \subset (0,1)$. Consider the following transport equation
$$z_t+z_x=0, \ (t,x)\in(0,T)\times(0,1), \\z(t,0)=0, \ z(0,x)=z_0(x).$$
It is clear that the solution to the above equation is ...